How addictive is benzodiazepine (Valium®, Xanax®)?
Understanding the Addictive Nature of Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines, commonly known as benzos, are a class of psychoactive drugs that have been widely prescribed since the 1960s for various medical conditions, such as anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. While these medications can be effective in managing certain disorders, concerns have arisen about their addictive potential. This article aims to explore the addictive nature of benzodiazepines, the factors contributing to their addictive properties, and the implications of benzodiazepine misuse.
What are Benzodiazepines?
Benzodiazepines are a group of central nervous system (CNS) depressants that enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA is responsible for inhibiting excessive neuronal activity, resulting in a calming effect on the nervous system. Commonly prescribed benzodiazepines include diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), and lorazepam (Ativan).
Addictive Properties
The potential for benzodiazepine addiction arises from their ability to induce a sense of relaxation and euphoria. When taken as prescribed, benzodiazepines can be safe and effective. However, problems can arise when individuals misuse these medications by taking higher doses, using them for longer durations than recommended, or obtaining them without a prescription.
Tolerance and Dependence
One key factor contributing to benzodiazepine addiction is the development of tolerance. Tolerance occurs when the body becomes accustomed to the drug, requiring higher doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect. As individuals build tolerance, they may find themselves taking increasing amounts of the medication, increasing the risk of dependence.
Dependence on benzodiazepines can manifest through physical and psychological reliance on the drug. Abrupt cessation or a rapid reduction in dosage can lead to withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety, insomnia, seizures, and, in severe cases, life-threatening complications. The fear of withdrawal symptoms can contribute to continued use, reinforcing the addictive cycle.
List of Common Benzos
The following is a list of benzodiazepines, by branded name:
Valium®
Xanax®
Restoril®
Ativan®
Klonopin®
Psychological Addiction
Benzodiazepines also pose a risk of psychological addiction. The calming and anxiolytic effects can create a sense of emotional dependence, as individuals may come to rely on the drug to cope with stress, anxiety, or daily life challenges. This psychological reliance can make it challenging for individuals to discontinue benzodiazepine use even when it is no longer medically necessary.
Symptoms When Abusing Benzodiazepine
Despite the calming effects of benzodiazepines, their highly addictive nature exposes individuals to a range of symptoms when abused. Physical, psychological, and behavioral manifestations of benzodiazepine abuse include:
Weakness
Blurred vision
Drowsiness
Impaired judgment or thinking
Engaging in doctor shopping
Soliciting benzodiazepine pills from friends, family, colleagues, or classmates
Desire to reduce abuse volume but inability to do so
Mood changes
Risk-taking behaviors, such as driving after benzodiazepine abuse
Concurrent use of benzodiazepines with alcohol or other substances
As tolerance naturally develops over time, individuals may find themselves needing higher doses of benzodiazepines to achieve the desired high. When abuse ceases or the accustomed dose is significantly reduced, withdrawal symptoms emerge, posing potential dangers and even life-threatening risks. Opting for medical detox under the direct supervision of a healthcare professional is generally recommended to ensure a safe withdrawal process.
Combination with Other Substances
The addictive potential of benzodiazepines is further heightened when they are combined with other substances, such as alcohol or opioids. Combining these substances can amplify their sedative effects, increasing the risk of respiratory depression and overdose. The co-occurrence of substance use disorders complicates the treatment of benzodiazepine addiction and requires a comprehensive approach.
Treatment and Recovery
Recognizing benzodiazepine addiction is crucial for prompt intervention. Treatment typically involves a gradual tapering of the medication under medical supervision to manage withdrawal symptoms. Behavioral therapies, counseling, and support groups play vital roles in addressing the psychological aspects of addiction and promoting long-term recovery.
Overview
Benzodiazepines, when used as prescribed, can be valuable in managing certain medical conditions. However, their addictive potential cannot be ignored. Understanding the factors contributing to benzodiazepine addiction is essential for both healthcare professionals and individuals using these medications. Vigilance, responsible prescribing practices, and comprehensive treatment approaches are crucial in mitigating the risks associated with benzodiazepine use and promoting a healthier approach to mental health.
We are here to help.
North Tampa Executive Health Clinic is directed by Dr. Jack McGeachy. He provides confidential and comfortable addiction treatments and therapy for opioid and alcohol use disorder. Rather than a rehab or detox, meaning that each patient is cared for one-on-one by a medical doctor, in contrast to other treatment programs. Heed Help? Book your in office appointment in the Tampa office or via video conferencing today.
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